ELearning in Qatar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ELearning in Qatar - Research Paper Example This is further supported by the provision of wireless internet in form of WIFI in the academic institutes. Students have access to all the digital material, the necessary websites needed in the curriculum. The class environment is totally participative where the teacher and student both interact live via these gadgets. These gadgets have taken the place of conventional tools like calculators, measuring tapes, constructors, scales etcetera (Academy, 2011). Qatar Academy is an example of its kind where the management is fully aware of the challenges faced in modern times and thereby has introduced systems that are according to the 21st century needs. Early education center provides the Montessori students and adaptable environment familiarizing them with digital devices. The instructors so inducted are all able personnel who have a grip on the subject. Qatar Academy is an example of the digital sense that is generating in the Qatar nation. Overview of One to One computer initiatives from different countries around the world . Advantages and disadvantages. (One to One initiatives are projects where schools and governments give EACH student a computer to be used in classrooms for educational purposes). Singapore is a good example. Another example is Microsoft’s future schools in America. Please summaries other 5- 6 examples IN modern times, the one to one interactive imitative has become essential part of educational environment. Many nations have already adapted this format of education where each student is provided with a single computer in the class room. The computers so provided are fully protected and contain only academic content related applications. The browsing is fully under control. Microsoft in this regard has taken an initiative in the African countries where one laptop is distributed per child and that laptop contains the basic elements for the students under the slogan of â€Å"One laptop per child† (Miller, 2007). Colombia,

Hindrance to Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Hindrance to Effective Communication Essay New technology such as smart phones should be a great asset and a powerful aid to helping us work more efficiently. We can respond to urgent emails on the go, refer to useful websites and look up quick facts. However, these gadgets, as well helping us, can also prove to be a hindrance providing information overload and constant interruptions. We receive so many emails and are exposed to so much information that it can be hard to distil what is actually important and what isn’t. We fill our brains with clutter and lose the ability to focus on our priorities and spend our time responding to trivial emails. We think we are multi-tasking but actually we are becoming less productive. We read each email but don’t always process the information we need. As a result, we risk irritating the sender by asking them to remind us what they said or to send the email again. More worryingly, we allow ourselves to be distracted from more important tasks by the seeming urgency of each email that comes in. This information overload doesn’t only impact the way we process information ourselves but can also have a negative impact on the way others perceive us. It is all too easy to give the impression that you are not listening to the other person. It can be quite obvious even on the telephone that you are distracted by your inbox rather than giving the speaker your full attention. In a face-to-face meeting, of course, it is only too apparent when the person you are talking to is distracted by their smart phone rather than focusing on the content of the meeting. In the past several years, texting and instant messaging have become phenomena that few of us have been able to escape. Though most popular with the younger generations, it is becoming increasingly common to see people of all ages absorbed in silent conversations on their cell phones. The availability of constant, instant communication makes many people feel connected to their friends in ways they never were before. But do these printed messages and instant responses help or hinder us socially? The instant messaging fad brought abbreviations such as LOL (Laugh Out Loud) and BRB (Be Right Back) into our language as commonly accepted words. The younger generations chatted happily in this new language while everyone else struggled to understand what BTW (By the Way) and IDK (I Dont Know) meant. This phenomenon spread over into texting as children as young as five received the latest models of cell phones to communicate with their friends and family. Though everyone with a cell phone is clearly well-connected to other people, the question remains whether engaging in such constant, abbreviated communication is a help or a hindrance in personal relationship skills. Over the past decade there has been a dramatic difference in the attitudes and communication styles of the younger generations, but how much of this change has been compounded by the lack of face to face communication advocated by the texting craze? There is no way to tell for certain whether texting and instant messaging have actually caused the breakdown of one-on-one, face-to-face communication with people, but I believe it has not helped. Instead of using cell phones as a mere communication tool, many young people view them as a necessity they could not possibly live without. We have all seen people glued to their phones, their fingers flying over the keys as they stand in line at the store, or are walk down the mall, and even frighteningly enough, while they are driving. In one case, a pair of girls walking together in the mall admitted that they were texting each other! I have even been engaged in a conversation with someone when they whipped out their phone to send a text message to someone else! Is this the kind of society we are encouraging by allowing young people to be so dependent on their phones? A society where face to face communication all but ceases to exist in place of disembodied text messages, even when the person you are talking to is standing beside you? It may be true that the people sending and receiving those text messages are communicating with each other, but what does it say to the people who are actually physically around them? What happened to the days when you could walk through the store and complete strangers would smile and greet you as you passed? Have the basic societal manners of years gone by disappeared for good? Using cell phones to talk or text is not a bad thing in itself. However, it is my opinion that certain rules of etiquette should be applied when using them in order to maintain a respectful relationship with everyone you are in contact with. Being glued to your cell phone puts off a very distinct signal that you are unavailable and unapproachable to everyone around you. If you text a friend while talking to someone else you are telling the person in front of you that the friend is more important than they are. Bad grammar and spelling are also compounded by electronic communication. Constantly using abbreviations and fragments in instant communication ingrains these bad habits into a person. English teachers have always struggled to encourage correct spelling and grammar in their students. Now, with texting and instant messaging becoming so prevalent, their jobs are that much harder. And it is not just in the classroom where spelling and grammar have fallen by the wayside. Businesses who are interested in maintaining a high level of professionalism are often hard-pressed to find applicants who can spell, speak, and write properly. So, what can we do to help those people who are addicted to their phones remember that there is more to life than texting and instant messaging? I believe that parents should try to encourage their teenagers to talk on the phone for long conversations, rather than texting back and forth 500 times. Doing so will help teens develop real conversation skills which are not possible in the lingo of texting. Also, everyone should be encouraged to give their full attention to the person they are talking to. If you are engaged in a conversation with someone who starts texting some0one else, kindly ask them to finish talking with you first. If they refuse, simply walk away. I have used this method myself very effectively. Usually, if the person cares about you at all, they will realize how rude their behavior is. So, is texting and instant messaging a help or a hindrance? I believe it is both. Texting and instant messaging can be wonderful forms of communication when implemented correctly, but they can also be abused and have adverse effects. People of all ages need to realize that moderation is the key when using alternate forms of communication. By understanding when these forms are appropriate and when they are not, people can gain valuable communication skills, be more likely to absorb correct spelling and grammar principles, be more productive in the business world and appear far more approachable to the world in general. Since society as a whole is becoming increasingly dependent on the instant communication provided by cell phones, I believe that we must all do what we can to engage in respectful behavior ourselves and encourage it in others. Excellent communication, proper grammar and spelling do not have to be things of ages past. With a little effort and encouragement we can all help ensure that these important values of yesteryears are around for future generations. Texting is the preferred method of communication for young people. According to an article by Mike Flacy, DigitalTrends, One in ten young adults between the ages of 18 to 24 report that they send or receive at least 200 text messages per day (approximately 6,000 messages per month). The next age group, 25-34 year olds, typically average about 42 texts per day and this trend continues to decrease down to about 5 texts a day for the 65 and older group. 200 text messages per day? Do they have time to do anything else in life? Will these young adults get carpal tunnel syndrome of the thumbs? Do you prefer to text rather than talk? According to the survey, Most people are too occupied and busy in todays world that they hardly get enough time to have an elaborated conversation on phone, and hence prefer to communicate via text. I can see the attraction to texting, however I do like to hear a persons voice. The emotions and flavor of the conversation can be misunderstood more easily through texting. After all, you cant hear the sighs and laughter while texting. Yes, you can text little acronyms like LOL and put little smiley faces in your text, but sarcasm and irony are lost in texting. I do like to get little morning text messages from my friends far away, and it is how I communicate with my son most of the time. But I would have to say, my preferred method of communication is voice or Skype. With texting taking over, hands-free devices are even more important. Many of the Smartphones have the capability of translating voice into text to send text messages without typing. A good quality Bluetooth headset with noise canceling makes this process much better. Do you have a Bluetooth mobile headset? I have a Droid X, which is a bit cumbersome to hold up to your ear to talk. I love having my Bluetooth headset to use, especially for multitasking around the house while talking on the phone. And of course with more and more states requiring hands-free devices while driving, a good headset is essential. Do you have one? Whats your favorite? Meanwhile, dont get into any thumb wrestling contest with anyone under 30 years of age. You KNOW their thumbs are agile and strong from texting a bazillion words per minute.

Galactosemia Essay -- essays research papers

Galactosemia Galactosemia is an inborn error of metabolism. Because of energy barriers, essentially none of the chemical reactions that take place in living things could occur at any measurable rate without the presence of a catalyst. Most catalysts in living things are enzymes that depend on their structure to be able to function. Their structure is determined by their coding on DNA. Inborn errors of metabolism, like the one seen in galactosemia, are caused by defective genes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Galactosemia is an inherited metabolic disorder in which the transformation of galactose to glucose is blocked, allowing galactose to increase to toxic levels in the body (Chung 1997). Galactose epimerase, the enzyme in the liver that is required to break down galactose, is deficient in galactosemia patients (â€Å"Galactosemia† 1995 and Wohlers, Christacos, and Harreman 1999). This enzyme works as a catalyst to speed up the breakdown of galactose. When there is a deficiency of this enzyme, the body cannot metabolize galactose as quickly as needed, causing a toxic buildup (Olendore, Jenyan, and Bayden 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, this means that galactosemia is only present in individuals with two defective copies of any one of the three genes that causes it (Chung 1997). These genes are the genes that code for the three enzymes, galactosemia-1-phosphate-uridyl transferase (GALT), galactokinase (GALK), and uridyl disphosphogalactose-4-epimerase (Olendore, Jenyan, and Bayden 1999). Although carriers have less than normal enzyme activity, carriers of the disease are unaware that they are carrying a defective gene since no symptoms are evident (Chung 1997). If two carriers of the same defective gene have children, the chance of their child getting galactosemia by having two copies of the same defective gene is 25% for each pregnancy (Elsas 1999). Every cell nucleus has two copies of each gene, therefore, if only one of the two copies is defective, enough of the enzyme is made and the pathway of galactose metabolism is not blocked (Ol endore, Jenyan, and Bayden 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most states have now included testing for galactosemia in newborn screening programs (â€Å"Galactosemia† 1995). However, if galactosemia is not found in a screening program, some symptoms appear within the... ...al of death (â€Å"Galactosemia† 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unfortunately, many children are born each year with galactosemia and there is no medication that can treat it (Chung 1997). However, galactosemia is manageable and the symptoms can be greatly reduced by taking a few precautions. First of all, babies whose GALT activity is less than 10% need to have all their milk products replaced by formula such as Isomil or Prosobee, which are free of lactose. Soy products contain other sugars such as sucrose, fructose, and non-galactose polycarbohydrates, which supply the needed energy to the baby. All lactose containing foods such as dairy products, tomato sauces, candies, and medicines should be avoided fro the remainder of the patients life (Elsas 1999). Finally, legumes, organ meats, and processed meats also contain galactose and should be avoided (Olendore, Jenyan, and Bayden 1999). Management of the diet becomes less important after infancy and early childhood because milk products are no longer the primary source of ene rgy (Elsas 1999). So, although galactosemia can be fatal, it is highly treatable and a patient can live a normal life with only a few changes in their diet.

Introduction To Research

Research is a high-hat word that scares a lot of people. It is a welcoming attitude towards change. The research state of mind can apply to anything. It is a problem-solving mind. What is Research? Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster, 1984). Research is defined as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to a problem, to validate or test an existing theory.The Value of Research Research helps professionals by providing information to make decisions, or o perform their functions more effectively. Teachers need to know what teaching method can be used Health services providers need health-related data in developing health programs Research Improves the Quality of Life Quality research is the lifeblood of any scientific discipline. Without it, disciplines would stagnate, failing to advance past their current limits and unders tanding. (Wan 1997 p. 7) General Types of Research Research can be classified into three categories: Descriptive research Correlation or association research Experimental or intervention research Descriptive Research The descriptive of study finds answer to the questions who, what, where and how. This type of research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of specified aspects or factors. Examples of research topics fall under the descriptive type: 1 . ‘The management style of school administrators in Lillo City' 2.Tardiness and absenteeism among high school students† 3. â€Å"The insecticidal properties of pepper Explanatory or Correlation Research An explanatory study goes beyond description of the problem or situation. It attempts to explain the possible factors related to a problem which have en observed in a descriptive study. This study answers the questions why and how. The factors related to the problem, however, need not be viewed as real â €Å"causes† Of the problem, but factors which are associated with or may contribute to the occurrence of the problem.Certain factors are â€Å"assumed† to explain or contribute to the existence of a problem or a certain condition or the variation in a given situation. The researcher usually uses a theory or a hypothesis to account for or explain the forces that are â€Å"assumed to have caused† the problem. For example, relationships between the following pairs f variables can be studied: 1. Gender Grades 2. Knowledge about cancer compliance with medical regimen 3.Educational attainment repayment status of cooperative members Intervention or Experimental Research The intervention or experimental type of research evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or treatment. It studies the â€Å"cause and effect† relationship between certain factors on a certain phenomenon under controlled conditions. The following examples of research topics f all under the explanatory or correlation category: 1 . â€Å"The Effect of Different Levels of Applied Nitrogen on the growth and Yield of Rice† Experimental vs..Non- experimental Research Experimental research Treatments are given to subjects Cause-and-effect questions Non-experimental research Treatments are not given to subjects Participants are observed as they naturally exist Other Dichotomies of Research There are other classification of research: 1. Pure or Applied 2. Exploratory or Explanatory 3. Quantitative or Qualitative Pure Basic Attempts to describe an existing situation and/or explain certain patterns of behavior using either or both qualitative and quantitative research cuisines Pure research offers better descriptions and better explanation of human behavior.The intention is to accumulate knowledge about a certain phenomenon. Doesn't necessarily provide results of immediate, practical use Applied Research Aims to see an immediate solution to a problem Focuses on variables or factors which can be changed by intervention in order to achieve a desired goal An experimental study comparing the effectiveness of two methods of improving a situation Exploratory Designed to describe an existing problem situation and examine the underlying factors that contribute to the emergence of the problemExplanatory To understand or explain a prevailing situation or explain a relationship between factors which may have already been identified in exploratory studies Seek more specific answers to ‘Sunny† and â€Å"how† questions Quantitative vs.. Qualitative Research Quantitative – data are gathered such that they can be quantified and subjected to statistical analyses Qualitative – data are gathered such that they can be analyzed through informed judgment Research may be obtrusive or non-obtrusive: Obtrusive research – where the researcher introduces conditions that influence participants. Introduction To Research Research is a high-hat word that scares a lot of people. It is a welcoming attitude towards change. The research state of mind can apply to anything. It is a problem-solving mind. What is Research? Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster, 1984). Research is defined as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to a problem, to validate or test an existing theory.The Value of Research Research helps professionals by providing information to make decisions, or o perform their functions more effectively. Teachers need to know what teaching method can be used Health services providers need health-related data in developing health programs Research Improves the Quality of Life Quality research is the lifeblood of any scientific discipline. Without it, disciplines would stagnate, failing to advance past their current limits and unders tanding. (Wan 1997 p. 7) General Types of Research Research can be classified into three categories: Descriptive research Correlation or association research Experimental or intervention research Descriptive Research The descriptive of study finds answer to the questions who, what, where and how. This type of research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of specified aspects or factors. Examples of research topics fall under the descriptive type: 1 . ‘The management style of school administrators in Lillo City' 2.Tardiness and absenteeism among high school students† 3. â€Å"The insecticidal properties of pepper Explanatory or Correlation Research An explanatory study goes beyond description of the problem or situation. It attempts to explain the possible factors related to a problem which have en observed in a descriptive study. This study answers the questions why and how. The factors related to the problem, however, need not be viewed as real â €Å"causes† Of the problem, but factors which are associated with or may contribute to the occurrence of the problem.Certain factors are â€Å"assumed† to explain or contribute to the existence of a problem or a certain condition or the variation in a given situation. The researcher usually uses a theory or a hypothesis to account for or explain the forces that are â€Å"assumed to have caused† the problem. For example, relationships between the following pairs f variables can be studied: 1. Gender Grades 2. Knowledge about cancer compliance with medical regimen 3.Educational attainment repayment status of cooperative members Intervention or Experimental Research The intervention or experimental type of research evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or treatment. It studies the â€Å"cause and effect† relationship between certain factors on a certain phenomenon under controlled conditions. The following examples of research topics f all under the explanatory or correlation category: 1 . â€Å"The Effect of Different Levels of Applied Nitrogen on the growth and Yield of Rice† Experimental vs..Non- experimental Research Experimental research Treatments are given to subjects Cause-and-effect questions Non-experimental research Treatments are not given to subjects Participants are observed as they naturally exist Other Dichotomies of Research There are other classification of research: 1. Pure or Applied 2. Exploratory or Explanatory 3. Quantitative or Qualitative Pure Basic Attempts to describe an existing situation and/or explain certain patterns of behavior using either or both qualitative and quantitative research cuisines Pure research offers better descriptions and better explanation of human behavior.The intention is to accumulate knowledge about a certain phenomenon. Doesn't necessarily provide results of immediate, practical use Applied Research Aims to see an immediate solution to a problem Focuses on variables or factors which can be changed by intervention in order to achieve a desired goal An experimental study comparing the effectiveness of two methods of improving a situation Exploratory Designed to describe an existing problem situation and examine the underlying factors that contribute to the emergence of the problemExplanatory To understand or explain a prevailing situation or explain a relationship between factors which may have already been identified in exploratory studies Seek more specific answers to ‘Sunny† and â€Å"how† questions Quantitative vs.. Qualitative Research Quantitative – data are gathered such that they can be quantified and subjected to statistical analyses Qualitative – data are gathered such that they can be analyzed through informed judgment Research may be obtrusive or non-obtrusive: Obtrusive research – where the researcher introduces conditions that influence participants.

All but My Life

History 121 Book Analysis â€Å"All But My Life† February 15, 2013 All But My Life All But My Life is a memoir about a young Jewish girl, Gerda Weissmann, who was able to endure the hardships of World War II and the Holocaust. Gerda went through and saw more horrific things in the matter of a few years than any of us will ever have to face in our lifetimes. The fact that a girl this young and hopeless can withstand so much pain but yet contain so much strength should be an inspiration to all. Reading this book really opened my eyes to what the world can bring.After reading Gerda’s journey, I will never again complain of times being tough or depressing in my life. This book really meant a lot to me for that very reason. It is amazing that no matter what Gerda had to face in those years she would constantly be looking forward. Regardless of the circumstances she pushed forward and longed for the time that it would all be over. As the book is coming to a close Gerda writes , â€Å"As I Finish the last chapter of my book, I feel at peace, at last. I have discharged a burden and paid a debt to many nameless heroes, resting in their unmarked graves. A burden is a heavy load and Gerda definitely had one to get off her shoulders. Up until this book Gerda was never able to tell anyone her full journey. She wasn’t able to share the times spent with the friends she made during the hardships of the Holocaust. The debt she paid to many nameless heroes was that she was able to get the story out to people. Gerda was able to share first hand experiences to people that just may not understand the fight these young girls and other Jewish people put up during these years.The book had to be written because Gerda knew that her journey needed to be told because of the small amount of survivors there were. She was one of the lucky ones who were able to gather the strength to get through this horrific time in history. Thus, as much as she wanted to probably forget , the book had to be written. In my opinion All But My Life was written to and for anyone who wants to be moved by a strong and inspiring young girl. Also it was written for those who were unable to survive the Holocaust.For those who will never be able to share their hard fought journey and are now just another number to total of lives lost during the Holocaust. Gerda’s long and eventful journey didn’t just take place in one location or even just one concentration camp for that matter. Her journey had several stops along the way and consisted of days and days of traveling in the harshest conditions. The journey of Gerda’s story begins in September of 1939 in her hometown of Bielitz, Poland (4). Bielitz is where Gerda spent roughly the first sixteen years of her life (43).In the early summer of 1942 Bielitz is Judenreined which means free of Jews basically. Gerda and her family are split and to travel in different directions. Gerda is headed toward Sosnowitz, Po land and gets there in June 1942 (96). From Sosnowitz, Gerda is sent to her first concentration camp in Bolkenhain, Germany (113). While at Bolkenhain, Gerda worked thread machines day in and day out; however, all in all the girls were treated pretty well at Bolkenhain compared to other concentration camps. Gerda would later found out that Bolkenhain was like heaven in comparison to what was to come.Soon Gerda and the rest of the girls are sent to another concentration camp called Marzdorf in September of 1943 (145). Marzdorf was nothing like Bolkenhain and was purely miserable for Gerda. Luckily Gerda doesn’t spend a great deal of time at Marzdorf and soon ends up in Landeshut during the month of September of 1943, another concentration camp with ten other girls originally from Bolkenhain (152). After spending some time threading supplies for the German army in Landeshut, Gerda is transported to her final concentration camp in May of 1944, Grunberg (166).After spending a sig nificant amount of time in Grunberg the group is transported toward Germany. Gerda feels that the end of the war may be very near. As the march continues on the group ends up in helmbrechts barracks in the spring of 1945 (194). The group spends about a month in the barracks of Helmbrechts with less than half the amount of people left than they had started with. With just a couple hundred girls remaining the mere group left heads toward Czechoslovakia (201).In May of 1945 Gerda and a handful of others arrive in Volary as the war slowly comes to an end (207). During her journey, Gerda is influenced by numerous people. Some she knew prior to leaving Bielitz and others she met along the way. All of which influenced every one of Gerda’s actions. Gerda would lose all of these people except for one. Gerda’s brother, Arthur, may have been the most influential person to her. He was there since her childhood and they acted as best friends. When Gerda was sixteen she saw her brot her for the last time as he was called to leave Bielitz (21).Gerda had enormous love for her family and her mother and father and also Niana were also very influential to her. Her father was her salvation. If not for what he had told her about suicide she may not ever have had the will power to go on with the cruel experiences of her journey. However, Gerda’s parents do not survive the Holocaust and she sees them and Niana for the last time in the summer of 1942 (92). Prior to leaving Bielitz, Gerda has what I would say is her first boyfriend. Abek is always caring for Gerda although she never really loves him.He too would not survive the Holocaust. As a child, Gerda and Isle meet and they are bestfriends. They spend nearly the whole journey together until Isle passes away days before the war ends (205). During her travels from camp to camp Gerda also makes really good friends with Suse and Liesel. These were two girls were there to help each other through the hardships of th e Holocaust. Suse died the day of liberation (213). While moving to further shelter Liesel also passed away (215). During Gerda’s time at Bolkenhain she meets in my mind her avenging angel, Frau Kugler.Although the Frau Kugler was thought to be sort of an enemy, she saves Gerda’s life and they develop a sort of friendship. However, once deported to a new camp they never see each other again (137). Once the war ends Gerda meets Kurt Klein. Kurt is an American soldier that feels for Gerda for he too lost his parents due to the Holocaust. The two grow strong feelings for each other and Kurt is partially the reason for Gerda’s fast and strong recovery. The two eventually move back to America and get married (246).When Gerda and Kurt meet for the first time she is simply confused. She wonders why he cared so much about her. She couldn’t figure it out. As time passed they met again and she loved seeing him. While apart she longed for the next time they would un ite. I didn’t expect the hand of fate in this story. I expected for Gerda to end up having feelings for Abek. However, Kurt was the one for her. While at the concentration camps Gerda encountered several guards. I was surprised by how many of the guards did what they could to help the victims as much as possible.Their motivation must have been fear of what could have happened to them if they did not treat the Jews like animals. I can not think of any other reason someone could possibly think what was going on was ok. During Gerda’s time in the Holocaust she is somehow able to gain strength to continue on while others are not able to. It was the words of her father that kept her from committing suicide even during the most gruesome times. The only thing that kept her positive was the thought that someday she might see her family again and be able to return to her home in Bielitz, Poland.The title, All But My Life to me means something very simple. Gerda Weissmann Klein endured thousands of things as a teenager. She saw many horrific and breathtaking images. Met numerous friends along the way, but none of it was life to her. She went through everything but none of it was a normal life. I thoroughly enjoyed this book and it has truly touched me. My simple reaction is just amazement of how a girl can endure so much and still continue on with life with a positive outlook. This book will change the way I value life itself.

Operations Management and Technology essays

Operations Management and Technology essays Hard Rock Caf Singapore: Wireless Technology Innovation The first Hard Rock Cafe (HRC) opened its doors to the public on June 14, 1971, in London, England. Founded by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton, two enterprising and music-loving Americans, HRC was an instant classic, attracting droves of customers with its first-rate, but moderately priced casual American fare, warm service and ever-present rock 'n' roll music and sensibility. Although it was initially decorated with an eye toward eclectic Americana, HRC has ultimately become the world's leading collector and exhibitors of rock 'n' roll memorabilia. Hard Rock began its global expansion in 1982, when Tigrett and Morton agreed to develop their own Hard Rock Cafes in various parts of the globe. (hardrockcafe.com) One of the franchises of Hard Rock Caf is Hard Rock Caf Singapore owned by HPL, the company that owns 50 percent of HRC Holdings which holds the franchises for the operation of HRC in various Asian countries (Chan, 2004). The problems that first beset HRC Singapore are: (1) time spent by waiters going from one table to another and taking orders, (2) the kitchen staff had to wait for the waiters to physically bring the order slips before they can start cooking the orders, and (3) the cashiers need to manually input orders taken by the waters and process the bill for the customers. The sum total of the problems basically is that it takes a lot of time and manpower to perform basic restaurant functions. To remediate the situation, HRC Singapore performed a business process reengineering (BPR) of their order taking, order processing and billing. The implementation of wireless technology was the solution they favored and the hip restaurant has overhauled its older order-taking processes, investing S$100,000 (US$58,546) in a new wireless point of sale (POS) system. (Chan, 2004) By integrating the handheld HP iPAQ ...

Plastics essays

Plastics essays In this laboratory there will be a few things tested, and experimentally concluded. There will be a determination of the process window for a specific material/mold/machine combination from data collected from flow simulation software. The material that was used was a Bayer USA ABS. Also, to determine the process window using, mold-area and in-mold rheology diagrams. In test one, the part that was tested using the flow simulation software was drawn in solidworks, and there was a brief overview of moldflow. Test two involved the solidworks part being imported into mold flow and 25 analyses run. The Molding Area Diagram showed that the machine being used would be able to mold all of the parts, achieving the proper temperatures and pressures. Inside the mold area diagram is the optimum processing conditions. All of the points on the graph were feasible on the machine that was being used. The second diagram was the in-mold Rheology diagram which allows one to gauge where the viscosity was the most stable. With this graph, one is able to determine the optimum operating temperature, injection velocity, and melt viscosity. This experiment involved the use of both solidworks and moldflow. Solidworks was used to make the part that was going to be tested. Using line drawings solidworks was able to render a 3-D part. Figure one has a dimensioned drawing of the part including the runner and sprue. Figure One: Dimensioned Part for moldflow. Moldflow version 4.0 was used to run melt flow tests, on the filling portion of the injection process. There were two parameters adjusted, the melt temperature and the injection velocity. At each of the temperatures 200, 210, 220, 230, and 240C five different injection velocities were tested ranging from 1.27 to 6.35 cm/s. At each of the twenty-five tests several parameters were measured including: crossover pressure, location and value of m ...

Qué hacer en cita migratoria cuando no se habla inglés

Quà © hacer en cita migratoria cuando no se habla inglà ©s Si no se siente cà ³modo hablando en inglà ©s y tiene que realizar alguna gestià ³n migratoria en ese idioma o presentarse a una entrevista o vista no se preocupe, ya que existen soluciones sencillas segà ºn el caso. Este artà ­culo trata de cà ³mo resolver el problema del poco conocimiento de inglà ©s que puede surgir en  cuatro situaciones: traduccià ³n de documentos al inglà ©scitacià ³n ante el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s)citacià ³n para una Corte migratoriay cita para entrevista en un consulado o Embajada de los Estados Unidos en otro paà ­s. Cà ³mo traducir un documento al inglà ©s para el USCIS o un consulado Excepto en los casos muy concretos en los que se pide una traduccià ³n realizada por un traductor jurado y/o notarizada es suficiente una traduccià ³n certificada.   Esto quiere decir que es buena una realizada por cualquier persona que habla y escribe con fluidez el inglà ©s y el idioma del que traduce, generalmente el espaà ±ol. Este es un modelo de carta que se puede seguir para certificar dicha traduccià ³n. Esto es importante porque puede facilitar importante ahorro de dinero. Cita en una oficina del USCIS cuando no se habla bien inglà ©s Son muchos los ejemplos en los que el USICS puede citar para una entrevista. Como por ejemplo: Residencia permanente definitiva o condicional, en este caso por razà ³n de matrimonio.Entrevista por caso de  AsiloExamen para adquirir la ciudadanà ­a americana por naturalizacià ³n en los casos muy concretos en los que al solicitante se le permite rendir el examen en su idioma materno y no en inglà ©s, etc En estos casos, aunque puede que el oficial a cargo de un caso sea bilingà ¼e, eso no tiene que ser necesariamente asà ­. El USCIS no proporciona intà ©rpretes para traducir del espaà ±ol al inglà ©s y viceversa. Por esta razà ³n si se ha sido citado y no se siente cà ³modo hablando en inglà ©s, usted puede llevar a un intà ©rprete para que traduzca las preguntas y tambià ©n sus respuestas. El USCIS permite realizar la labor de intà ©rprete para las entrevistas a: Un familiar o amigo del entrevistado siempre que tenga  un conocimiento alto en los dos idiomas.Un traductor profesional. Los hay incluso con la especialidad de asistir a ese tipo de entrevistas a los que, là ³gicamente, hay que pagar por sus servicios profesionales. Lo ms conveniente es que el traductor sea un ciudadano americano o un residente permanente legal, y no un amigo que est en Estados Unidos temporalmente con una visa de turista, por ejemplo. Ya que en estos casos es posible que el oficial de inmigracià ³n decida que no lo acepta como intà ©rprete. Asimismo, los inmigrantes indocumentados deben abstenerse de pisar voluntariamente un edificio federal, particularmente los de inmigracià ³n, ya que pueden ser detenidos. Por lo tanto, no es conveniente que brinden sus servicios de traductor a un familiar o amigo. Adems,   otro requisito es que la persona que ha de traducir del inglà ©s al espaà ±ol y viceversa tiene que tener como mà ­nimo los 18 aà ±os de edad cumplidos. Por à ºltimo, tener en cuenta que aunque no hay una regla definitiva sobre el asunto, lo cierto es que en los casos de entrevistas a matrimonios el oficial de inmigracià ³n puede no permitir que un esposo bilingà ¼e traduzca para el que no habla inglà ©s. La razà ³n es que harà ­a ms difà ­cil detectar si se trata de un matrimonio de conveniencia. Cuando se tiene una cita en una Corte de Inmigracià ³n En este caso, la Corte sà ­ que brinda un servicio gratuito de intà ©rpretes. Es posible que la persona que va a realizar este servicio està © presente en la sala o, muy probablemente, està © en otra parte y la comunicacià ³n se tenga que realizar por telà ©fono. Por el contrario, las cortes migratorias no facilitan la presencia de abogados de oficio para defender a los migrantes. Son estos los que deben procurarse uno o defenderse a sà ­ mismos, quedando claro que las estadà ­sticas demuestran que hay una gran diferencia en resultados siendo mejores cuando los migrantes son representados por abogados. Cuando se est detenido o arrestado por autoridades migratorias Es muy importante no firmar ningà ºn documento que no se entienda. Este es un derecho de todas las personas, incluidos los migrantes indocumentados. Si hay algo que no se entiende, solicitar un abogado.   Entrevista en consulados y embajadas No es necesario llevar traductor ni a las entrevistas para solicitar visas no inmigrante como a las de visas de inmigrante. La razà ³n es que todos  los consulados y Embajadas de los Estados Unidos cuentan con trabajadores bilingà ¼es. En resumen, la falta de conocimiento de inglà ©s se puede arreglar de las formas explicadas en este artà ­culo. Este artà ­culo es sà ³lo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto

Pediatric Radiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Pediatric Radiography - Essay Example This poses a challenge in pediatric radiographic investigations. Obtaining quality radiographs on pediatric patients can be a challenge. Minimizing radiation dose in pediatric imaging is a crucial issue that has been emphasized and reemphasized in recent years1. Diagnostic radiation overexposure can cause radiation skin reaction and acute radiation sickness. It can also lead to systemic reactions that may lead to disturbances of normal functional processes, such as, radiation pneumonitis. It is known to have carcinogenic effects and genetic effects2. However, it is also to be considered that the dose required to produce genetic or carcinogenic effects are virtually precluded by modern radiographic apparatus and special techniques used in imaging the patients of this age group. Although carcinogenic effects have not been demonstrated from the doses of radiation received with pediatric diagnostic radiography, children with chronic diseases who need repeated radiographic examinations, this is quite a possibility, although remote. However, there is a need to justify the safety requirements and deploy the technical measures to ensure safety in these patients. Currently, these are directed towards reduction of radiation exposure in such patients3 . ... These are justification of any particular radiographic examination by carefully considering the pros and cons of the test which involves adjustment of risk-benefit analysis. A proper training of the radiographers in handling the children can also reduce exposure considerably. Proper protection of the patient in the unexposed areas could also help. Specific Diseases Caused by Diagnostic Radiation Exposure Although the benefits of diagnostic ionizing radiation are immense and exceed the risks involved, cumulative exposure can cause increased cancers especially in the pediatric age group. By definition, ionizing radiation contains enough energy to displace electrons and break chemical bonds. X-rays are electromagnetic radiations and consist of photons that can traverse relatively large distances in tissue without interaction. They, however, can indirectly ionize cell molecular components through transfer of energy4. In 1989, Hoffman and colleagues reported a doubling in the incidence of breast cancers in a pilot study of 1030 women who had been repeatedly exposed to diagnostic radiations for evaluation of scoliosis in their childhood and adolescence5. Ronckers and others explored these results further in a US cohort study with a larger sample size, including cases of scoliosis diagnosed before age 20. The average number of examinations per patient was accounted to be 24.7 and the mean c umulated dose to the breast was 0.11 Gy, and mean age of diagnosis of scoliosis was 10.6 years. With a radiographic followup continuing over an average of 40.1 years, it was concluded that this magnitude of exposures has resulted in increased incidence of breast cancers in these groups6. This proves that there is an increased risk of incidence of breast cancers with

Organizational Change Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organizational Change Paper - Essay Example Organizational psychology therefore is critical for the success and failure of the organization as its impact on achieving the desired level of performance from the employees is really significant. Historical roots of organizational psychology indicate that this discipline started as an off-shoot of industrial psychology and it is still considered as a part of it. However, over the period of time, the subject has evolved and included many new dimensions to the field of business management. What is also significant to understand that organizational psychology brought about a scientific approach in the field of business management? By linking the research with that of the organizational behavior, this discipline has basically opened new ways of understanding the human behavior in formal organizations and how that behavior can actually be modified to achieve the organizational objectives. The development of organizational psychology seems to be the result of multitude of factors which contributed to the development of this subject. The combination of external as well as internal factors led to the belief that psychology can be applied to solve the problems of the businesses and as such a new discipline of organizational psychology started to emerge. This definition indicates that the organizational psychology deals directly with the individual as well as group behaviors under the formal organizational environment and as such focus on exploiting and researching the behavior under different and variable circumstances so that it can be modified to achieve the strategic objectives of the firm. The work of Katz and Kahn further explored the idea of organizational psychology and concluded that organizational psychology is all about patterned human behavior because only patterned human behavior can allow a structure to evolve and as such under this formal structure

Data Analysis for Business Decision Making Coursework

Data Analysis for Business Decision Making - Coursework Example The objective function will be to maximize the contribution per unit obtained from the overall production, this leads to optimization of the firm profits. Therefore, the contribution which is equal to selling price less the total variable costs of each peripheral will be multiplied by optimal number that will maximize the firm profit. Therefore, the objective function will be; Maxmize; 156.82A + 156.10B + 250.87C + 167.60D + 290.78E + 274.22F Where, A- Number of Internal modem B- Number of External modem C- Number of Circuit board D- Number of CD drive E- Number of Hard disk drive F- Number of Memory board The constrains in this case refers to the limiting factor where the test devices hours available for every peripheral in this case there are only 150 hours available for test device one, 130 hours for test device two, 110 hours for test device three, 102 hours for test device four in one week. The constrains in this case limit the number or peripheral that can be produced. The cons trains in this case will be, 150

Artical review on computer file mgmt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Artical review on computer file mgmt - Essay Example In the block allocation method there are policies in place that determine sequence, locality and so on. When the block of data satisfies the requirement they are allocated the space. The difficulty in this method arises when files are deleted. The original relationships are discarded creating truncations in clusters. The relations need to be completely redone for each new block of data. The authors realize this to be an inefficient use of cpu power and time. The authors suggest that retaining the file layout instead of loosing it after a deletion is a more efficient way to retain block storage. If the file structure no longer has to be recreated each time a file is deleted then a tremendous amount of processor time will be realized. They propose a Storage Slab Allocator or SSA for an improved method of disk space management. Their novel approach appears to have merit as evidenced by the following file management policy. They propose to add a del_list, which tracks any deleted file original layout and a trunc_list, which likewise record any truncated space layout. These are attached to each block Group (BG) for their SSA. They use the binary strategy in the file layout with 1 identified as used and 0 identified as free; they have termed this the â€Å"invalid† bit. Thus the strategy becomes: The total blocks within the sub file layout whose head block number is free are all free. Otherwise, the next level ‘invalid’ need be checked until the last level. Not all the block number but only the head block of the sub file layout need set to be free when blocks are released. (Zhang, et. al., p. 296) They continue to illustrate the concept as a linear but progressive approach that retains the valuable file storage structures while being able to relinquish or delete the data more quickly. Then subsequently allowing new data to be allocated as a â€Å"slab† of information rather

Consciousness and Mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consciousness and Mind - Essay Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The experiences in which the artist sees his phantasy formations, or more precisely, that peculiar internal seeing itself or bringing to intuition of centaurs, heroic characters, landscapes, and so on, which we contrast to external seeing, to the external seeing that belongs to perception† (Meraud, 27). Husserl is of the opinion that phantasy is quite fairly evolved in the artist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While Husserl asserts â€Å"aesthetic consciousness† in artists, Noe (2000) argues, "Art can make a needed contribution to the study of perceptual consciousness" (123). He means that artwork of artists can provide us the opportunity to gain a reflective experience. That is how one can do phenomenological investigation.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To put forth his point forward, Noe (2000) illustrates cases of Smith and Serra. Both create metal sculptures appropriate for outdoor installation. While Smith's works are created based on mathematical or geometrical ratios; Serra's works are purely experiential. Smith’s creation attempts to combine certain shapes such as terahedrons so as to fill out space. They are demonstrative pieces to show that space can be filled. In contrast, Serra's pieces depend upon their scale, their milieu and their complexity. Smith's pieces can be viewed as universal. Smith is more concerned with geometry, form and internal relationships while Serra's sculpture invokes consciousness (Noe, 2000). He categorically emphasizes that works of some artists do qualify for phenomenological study meaning "Experiential art enables us to do this†.

Spain Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Spain Economy - Essay Example The ERM is essentially a managed float exchange rate regime where the currencies of the participating countries are allowed to float at a specific band. Most of the currencies of participating countries are allowed with a fluctuation band of 2.25% against a central rate while the Portuguese escudo and the Spanish peseta were allowed a broader band of 6%. Constant intervention of the participating countries' central banks became prevalent to control exchange rate. As the German mark is the most stable currency of the group, it became the yardstick or the central rate with which all the other currencies are measured. The mark has become the unofficial reserve currency, meaning that if Spain was intervening to buy pesetas it would be selling marks in exchange for pesetas (Weerapana, 2004). The reunification of East and West Germany commenced the collapse of the ERM in 1992. It is important to note that the reunification necessitated the transfers of huge amounts from the large rich economy of the West Germany to the smaller, poorer East. These huge transfers which accounts for 50% of the West Germany's savings created a budget deficit which reached 13.2% from the original 5%. As the German government is becoming nervous on the prospects of high inflation, it started pursuing contractionary monetary policy. However, the combination of the expansionary fiscal policy (transfers to East Germany) and contractionary monetary policy yield to a surge in German interest rate (Weerapana, 2004). As inflation raged through Germany, the world interest also rose. Due to these, there was an outflow of money from European countries thereby causing the devaluation of ERM currencies like peseta.... The regime of General Franco left an essentially fascist economy to Spain which is characterized by lack of economic freedom. The economy is dominated by large public institutions controlling all sectors and monopoly was prevalent. However, the accession of the country in the European Union during 1986 necessitated Spain to â€Å"open its economy, modernize its industrial base, improve infrastructure, and revise economic legislation to conform to EU guidelines.† These huge developments in the country’s policies and structure irrefutable introduced changes in its economy. The immediate years following the country’s ascent to the EU marked Spain’s economic boom. It should be noted that from 1986-1990, Spain saw substantial mount in Gross Domestic Product, reduced the ratio of public debt to GDP, decreased unemployment from 23% to 10%, and curb inflation to under 3%. By the end of 1990, GDP reached more than 50 trillion pesetas while the annual per capita income amounted to 1.1 million pesetas. However, this economic boom was followed by a recession in the mid-1992 to 1994 which was the most severe economic depression since the international oil crisis. Spain faced huge challenges which greatly affected its financial system and international relations. Meanwhile, changes in trade policies, specifically lowering trade restrictions facilitate a freer movement of merchandise among Spain and its trading partners, while promoting efficiency in the economy. The situation in the United States in very much different by the economic state of the European Union. Europe is currently considered as the largest economy at the moment while the United States is recognized the largest and one of the most technologically advanced nations.

Consciousness and Mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consciousness and Mind - Essay Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The experiences in which the artist sees his phantasy formations, or more precisely, that peculiar internal seeing itself or bringing to intuition of centaurs, heroic characters, landscapes, and so on, which we contrast to external seeing, to the external seeing that belongs to perception† (Meraud, 27). Husserl is of the opinion that phantasy is quite fairly evolved in the artist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While Husserl asserts â€Å"aesthetic consciousness† in artists, Noe (2000) argues, "Art can make a needed contribution to the study of perceptual consciousness" (123). He means that artwork of artists can provide us the opportunity to gain a reflective experience. That is how one can do phenomenological investigation.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To put forth his point forward, Noe (2000) illustrates cases of Smith and Serra. Both create metal sculptures appropriate for outdoor installation. While Smith's works are created based on mathematical or geometrical ratios; Serra's works are purely experiential. Smith’s creation attempts to combine certain shapes such as terahedrons so as to fill out space. They are demonstrative pieces to show that space can be filled. In contrast, Serra's pieces depend upon their scale, their milieu and their complexity. Smith's pieces can be viewed as universal. Smith is more concerned with geometry, form and internal relationships while Serra's sculpture invokes consciousness (Noe, 2000). He categorically emphasizes that works of some artists do qualify for phenomenological study meaning "Experiential art enables us to do this†.

Why Mall of America Is My Favorite Hangout Essay

Why Mall of America Is My Favorite Hangout - Essay Example I have to admit that this mall is special at least going by the number of visitors it receives annually. Perhaps a fascinating feature about this facility is that besides being the leading mall in North America, it also an entertainment enthusiasts’ establishment [ALLITERATION]. In fact, it hosts a number of high-class restaurants and attractions including nostalgic memorials and artifacts [PERSONIFICATION]. [BACKGROUND]. This essay using imagery and three rhetorical devices intensively describes the Mall of America, particularly why it is a special and favorite place to me [THESIS SENTENCE]. Essentially, the mall contains a number of facilities ranging from stores to restaurants that are as vibrant as those found in New York City. In fact, The Theme Park Food Court, LEGO and The Hooters restaurant on levels two and four respectively, provide customers with finger licking meals [METAPHOR] that would make one a slave to the restaurants [METAPHOR]. As one passes by the pavement of the eateries, all they see are sumptuous and savory meals [ALLITERATION] inviting them for a taste [PERSONIFICATION]. When it comes to the attractions at the Mall of America, the mall is a tourists’ heaven [METAPHOR] considering the numerous theme parks and roller coasters. Additionally, the mall Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium is a sight to behold [METAPHOR] for anyone who loves watching sea animals. Principally, the sea animals in the aquarium are as proud as peacocks [SIMILE], judging by the way the manner in which they swim across the thick glass wall. Concerning the memorials and artifacts found in the mall of America, I feel it earnest to note that the United Airline flight 93 memorial that was laid after the September 11 attack is both a nostalgic and melancholic sight [METAPHOR]. Nonetheless, the stadium seat in honor one that was hit by Harmon Killebrew greets all [PERSONIFICATION] that enter through the door.

Cricks view of politics Essay Example for Free

Cricks view of politics Essay This essay will explain Cricks views on politics, as outlined in his book ‘In defence of Politics’ (1962). That politics is a way to bring together differing opinions to resolves problems and disputes in a peaceful manner for the benefit of the majority and for the good of the populace. Cricks belief of what politics entails involves a democratic ideology and as we are considered to have a democratic society in which we live validating with quotes from cricks book. Also Crick highlights the importance of the difference of opinion people have, and such opinions being recognised, and being able to have freedom of speech, being unrestricted in the way that other countries are bound by dictatorship. Crick acknowledges that politics is never a straightforward business, in Cricks words, he describes politics as a â€Å"messy business†, being unpredictable, for example international and domestic events. This essay will use contemporary examples to show how this so. In the 2010 election, there wasn’t any party that had an overall majority (no party had more than half of members of parliament in the House of Commons), which meant that the Conservatives would be unable to have the majority of votes, to pass laws etc, without the support of other parties. In this case, the support came in the form of a formal coalition, with the Liberal Democrats. This being the first time Britain has had a coalition government in seventy years. This situation could said to be in accordance with what Crick asserted, that politics, ‘ideally draws all these groups into each other, so that each individually, and together, can make a positive contribution towards the business of government, the maintaining of order’ (Crick 1962: 18). Crick (1962: 16) stated that for some politics is muddled, contradictory, self-defeatingly recurant, unprogressive, unpatriotic, inneficiant mere compromise, or even a sham or conspiracy . In contemporary society, many would argue that this is the case, and the reason why we are seeing parties such as UKIP becoming more populer. Politics can also be on a micro level,involving issues on a smaller scale, such as in the family home, for example, refering to Crick Jones states that People or groups of people who want different things-be it power, money, liberty, ect-face the potential or reality of conflict when such things are in short supply. For instance, a situation may arise where a husband being given an employment opportunity,involving relocation to  another city,compromise would have had to play a big part,for financial gain for the greater good of the family,as the earning potential of the husband is greater than that of the wife. In this situation issues of power also being present, the husband having the advantage,having the dominant position,simple due to earning more money. In conclusion, although Crick wrote his book in 1962, his ideas regarding politics , and the positive role, he believes it plays,is still applicable in contemporay society today. In the case of the present day coalition ,political parties of differing ideologies,have had to join together for the smooth running of the country, for greater good of the people. However, Crick also recognised that politics is still very much a messy, complicated process,and not everyone would feel that politicians were working in their best interests. Also that compromise plays a vital part on both a micro and macro level to reduce conflict.

Cosmological Argument For The Existence Of God

Cosmological Argument For The Existence Of God How did the universe begin? Throughout history, that question has probably been the most debated topics between the philosophical, scientific and religious communities. I believe it is human nature in us that continues to seek the answers to why and how and not just sit back on blind faith. Even with todays advances in science about our universe and its origin, we are no closer to providing solid proof for what caused the beginning of the universe or proving if it just always existed. I actually find that very interesting in the fact that through the major advancements in the medical field, scientist have successfully found vaccinations for diseases that have killed millions, robots that perform surgery, cloned animals, and the list could go on and on. But science has provided no solid evidence on how the universe got its beginning. Many philosophers and theologians believed that the existence of the universe needed an explanation. Plato (c.427-347 BCE) and Aristotle (c. 384-322 BCE) were among the earlier philosophers who attempted to answer the question in what became known as the cosmological arguments. According to Plato in his dialogue The Laws he argued that motion in the world and the cosmos was imparted motion that required some kind of self-originated motion to set it in motion and to maintain that motion. Aristotles arguments were centered around the fact that things just dont exist, nothing comes from nothing, there needed to be a cause. During his study he realized that for every cause, there is one before it that caused it to happen, which eventually he realized, caused an infinite backwards cause of causes. Ultimately coming to the conclusion that there must have been a first cause. St. Thomas Aquinas is considered to be one of the greatest Christian philosophers that ever lived. He was also an Aristotelian scholar. Aquinas adapted Aristotles first cause for things in motion but did not stop there. Aquinas began under the assumption that if things are in motion then it had been caused to be in motion by something else. But if that were the case, that would create an infinite regression which he believed to be incorrect because that meant there was still no starting point but he knew at some point, it was set in motion. Aquinas explanation was, there must have been a first-case, the un-caused, cause. Aquinas believed that the un-caused causer was God. Another way he tried to proof his point was the argument for contingency. He explained that there are natural things that are possible to exist or not to exist. But it is impossible for these to always exist. So if it is possible for things not to exist, than at one time, nothing could have existed. Aquinas cosmological argument for the existence of God is known to be the most popular by philosopher and religious scholars. In his theological masterpiece, Summa Theologia, he proposed varies forms of cosmological arguments to explain ways that he thought would prove God exists. Ma ny skeptics do not accept the existence of God because to them, there is no logical explanation for his existence. Some of the oppositions are listed below: If everything has a cause, what caused the first cause God? If God did create the universe, how do we know it was just one God? If we accepted the argument that such a being created the universe, how do we know he had anything to do with religion? The counter argument indicated that the cosmological argument do not necessarily lead to the conclusion that there was a being that is responsible for the creation of the universe. Theists believe that God is self existent. God is omnipotent (all powerful), omnipresent (everywhere at once), omniscient (all knowing) and omnisapient (has all wisdom). They believe that God is exempt from the uncaused cause because he is eternal and not dependent on a cause for his existence. They go on to say that we may never know why or how creation took place or to explain Gods intentions of the event but he is an omniscient and omnipotent being. God does not need a reason to exist. The cosmological arguments seeks to prove the existence of God. To those that belief in God, there are no questions concerning his existence. For it is him that created everything. They believe that The Bible has scripture that goes along with these arguments and proves his existence. To the non-believers, they think that the cosmological arguments provide no evidence of the existence of God and that it just raises more questions about the origin or the universe. Could it be that there is no explanation? Did the universe just happen or has it always existed? This may be one of those questions that science will never have an answer for and to that everyone will accept. Until then, religion is a personal choice. No answer is right or wrong. I personally believe that God exist and that there is proof, to me everyday that he does.

Childhood Mortality in Nineteenth-Century England :: European Europe History

Childhood Mortality in Nineteenth-Century England The issue of childhood mortality is written into the works of Gaskell and Dickens with alarming regularity. In Mary Barton, Alice tells Mary and Margaret that before Will was orphaned, his family had buried his six siblings. There is also the death of the Wilson twins, as well as Tom Barton's early death --an event which inspires his father John to fight for labor rights because he's certain his son would have survived if he'd had better food. In Oliver Twist, Dick's early death is typical of workhouse children who never recover from years of chronic malnutrition. And in Dombey and Son, Paul demonstrates that wealth does not guarantee longevity, as we watch him steadily weakened by some mysterious illness. Evidence is everywhere that Gaskell, Dickens, and many of their contemporaries, used fiction to chronicle a sad fact of l9th century life: Many children didn't live to become adults. At the Newell Historical Burial ground in Attleboro, the stone marking the graves of the Stanley family indicates that three children were either stillborn or died before their first birthdays. If there were any other children who survived childhood, they were probably daughters who were buried in their husbands' family plots. A typical grave from the mid-19th century is a husband's stone flanked by two or even three wives each but the last having died in her 20s or 30s. Certainly many of these women died in childbirth, because their death dates match the birth dates on the children's stones. Several children might be named after the father. In one family plot with eight children, three were named John because only the third one survived the first year. ApE time when the death of a toddler was as normal as this practice was quite common in both America and England. While all of Dombey's money couldn't save his son from dying, little Paul's diet, lifestyle, and medical attention gave him every advantage available. The relationship between poverty and childhood mortality is unmistakable. In Boston's Irish Catholic slums, Lemuel Shattuck found that between 1841 and 1845, 61% of the population died before the age of five. (Woodham-Smith, p. 252) Poor English children didn't fare any particularly in the manufacturing towns of London, Sheffield, Leocester, Manchester, and Liverpool. Statistics from the Sheffield General Infirmary' between 1837 and 1842 reveal that of 11,944 deaths, half were children under age five:

Patient Confidentiality in the Emergency Department Essay

Confidentiality and privacy are words used interchangeably in the medical world when they have very different meanings. Confidentiality is in line with protection of patient information from unauthorized users and privacy is in line with protection of the patient’s physical body from unauthorized users. In the emergency department (ED) this is a lofty and constant task that requires vigilance from staff, in all departments, involved with the patient. This student will report on the issues with confidentiality in the ED. Describe the issue and the population it affects most. There are many issues with confidentiality in the ED but this student believes that the overcrowding and â€Å"the growth in the subspecialty of Hallway Medicine† (Freeman, 2003, p. 1) is an enormous problem facing emergency department’s (ED’s). Hallway medicine happens when an ED has full rooms and the hallway gets employed as a waiting or staging area for the overflow patients. Emergency room visits by patients are not just for emergencies anymore. The ED is becoming more like an urgent care setting. As more patients cannot pay for the medical care, they need a higher utilization of the ED is happening because the ED cannot refuse to treat a patient. This is causing an influx of patient volume. Because most ED’s have not had the opportunity to rebuild or redesign the patient rooms to single person rooms the use of curtains separating patient’s is still widely used. Some precautions have been instituted by widening the space between beds and using portable dividers there is still an issue with maintaining patient’s confidentiality. Poor division between patients and overcrowding of ED’s can create a sense of no privacy for the necessary communication between patient and provider to happen. Patients will use the ED for a variety of ailments. If the patient feels that they may be overheard by someone other than his or her provider, he or she most likely will withhold medical history or information that the provider would need to help diagnose and treat the current problem. Supporting facts According to Moskop, Marco, Larkin, Geiderman, and Derse (2005), â€Å"Of the 104 patients in the latter study reported that their expectations for privacy in the ED were met, 4 patients (all in curtained treatment areas) reported withholding part of their medical history, refusing part of their examination, or both because of privacy concerns† (Moskop et al 2005, p. 1). When patients believe that someone who is not providing care directly to them can hear the intimate details of his or her medical issue he or she will most likely not share the entirety of the details. If the patient is a celebrity, he or she will not want to share too much information for fear that the ED visit information will be sold or leaked to the press or paparazzi. Possibly, there is a family member with the patient. This person does not need to know the full extent of the patient’s medical issues. These are valid confidentiality concerns that hamper the ability of the ED physician to treat the patient. Ethical and Legal Issues The ethical issues are never-ending when dealing with patients’ confidentiality while in the ED. The emergency department has some slightly different issues to deal with in emergent or trauma situations the need to maintain the patients’ confidentiality are still prevalent. ED physicians have to be wary of several possibilities that can affect the course of an ED visit. The safety of patients and staff is always a top priority. Depending on mental status, the severity of the injury or illness, placing the patient in a single person room or closer to the nurses’ station may be necessary to maintain safety. Law enforcement officers may need to have access to the patient to get the details of an accident or retrieve evidence. The officers have, in some instances, the ability to access the patients because the transportation to the ED by law enforcement. Protecting the medical record is of high importance. No matter who has access to the patient the medical record must be kept confidential and not laying around for anyone to see. Legal issues around confidentiality can be just as important. Patients can record the actions of the staff in the ED. Smart phones have increased the patient’s or family member’s ability to document what is said and the actions made by the providers. This may help a legal case if the patient has a valid complaint. The facility also has to make the medical record safe and confidential. If the medical record is on paper, then there needs to be restricted access to the area where the records are. If the medical record is electronic, safeguards in the computer programming need to shut down and lock the screen after a short period on inactivity. Managerial responsibilities related to administrative ethical issues In the article, there was no relation to managerial responsibilities. This student believes that education to the staff as regularly as possible is the best way to make sure all staff understand the high level of confidentiality to be maintained in the ED. There should be no compromise when accessing the patients’ medical record. Regular training for the staff will be a big step in the right direction. Reaching out to ancillary departments and outside resource, law enforcement officers, to coordinate the teaching of confidentiality within patient access would also create a unity between the different people who may have access to the patient. Solutions Proposed solutions for maintaining confidentiality in the ED begin with making the patient feel that the space he or she are in during his or her ED visit is an audibly secure. This becomes a challenge for established older ED where curtains are still used to create a privacy barrier. One solution would be to use all individual rooms first, before using the curtained rooms. This removes any confidentiality issues at the beginning of the visit. If only curtained rooms are available space the patients in every other curtained room until it is necessary to start using the rooms in between. Another solution may be to have portable walls that roll into place to give an added layer of sound barrier. â€Å"In an area where multiple patient-staff communications routinely occur, use of cubicles, dividers, shields, curtains, or similar barriers may constitute a reasonable safeguard† (â€Å"Using barriers,† 2002, p. 6). Conclusion In the emergency department, a patient’s visit can be very hectic and have different people discussing the patients care and care needs to be taken to ensure the patient’s confidentiality. The patient needs to feel comfortable to share his or her health history so that the physician can make the best informed decision for the patient’s treatment. The patients’ medical record needs to be kept secure whether in a restricted area or with software that shuts down after not used for a short period. Creating an audibly secure area for the patient will help create a better ED visit for the patient.

Forenisic Review Questions Essay

Review Questions 1. What are the three types of fingerprints found in the human population? How often does each occur? Loop, Whorl and Arch. Loop occurs in 60-65 percent of the population, Whorl occurs in 30-35 percent, and Arch only about 5 percent. 2. What is a medulla? What do forensic scientists use this for? A set of cells that runs through a hair. Forensic Scientists use this to distinguish animal hair from human hair. 3. What is a precipitin test? What is it used for? A precipitin test is a test to distinguish between animal and human blood. It is used to tell whether the blood found is from a human or animal. 4. What makes fingerprints individual? How do scientists match a fingerprint to a specific person? The individuality of fingerprints is due to ridge characteristics. They look for point-by-point comparisons in order to determine whether two fingerprints are the same. 5. How are fingerprints discovered at crime scenes? Devices like the RUVIS help to find fingerprints along with fingerprint powders. Critical Review Questions 1. Of the three types of physical evidence discussed in this module, which one do you think you would be most interested in working with in an investigation? Why? I think I would be most interested in working with blood. Working with blood would be interesting because you can gather a lot of information from the smallest of blood samples. Such as where the person was when the blood splattered from them and if it’s human or animal blood. 2. What do you think would be the most challenging aspect of collecting and analyzing hair samples? Why? I think the most challenging aspect of collecting and analyzing hair samples would be matching it to a particular person. I think this would be difficult because hair samples can vary in age and location. Plus studying hair is key because it can eliminate possible suspects based on its properties. Such as texture, length, color, and chemicals. 3. Why do you think forensic scientists study bloodstain patterns? What can be learned from them? Forensic scientists study bloodstain patterns to determine what took place at the crime scene. Things that can be learned is the direction the blood was traveling in, angle at  which the blood hit the surface, and it can help determine the spot where the blood came from. 4. Out of the types of evidence discussed in this module, which one do you think is the most important piece of evidence? Why? I think the most important piece of evidence is blood. Blood is the most important because it’s actual DNA that can link the exact person to a crime scene. Unlike hair blood is more reliable because it rules out other possible choices. 5. Why was the bite mark evidence so important in the Bundy case? If the case happened today, do you think investigators would have more information to work with? The bite mark evidence was so important because it was the only substantial piece of evidence that could prove Bundy committed the crimes. Investigators might have more information to work with maybe they would find fingerprints and hairs at the crime scenes with the proper equipment.

Who Influences Me

19 Who Has an Influence on My Life Throughout life there are many people who influence you. Your family, friends, teachers, coaches, and even people who see you only once in your lifetime could influence you. Each person, as they grow up, changes either for better or even for worse from the impact of others. I am lucky to have to close relatives as my greatest influences in life because they change me for the better every day. The biggest influences in my life have been my grandparents and my mother. My grandmother has influenced my life greatly.She is always there when I need her and has helped shape me to the person I am today. My future has been influenced extremely by my grandma because she works as a nurse at a hospital in Sandusky. I was practically raised by my grandmother and since I have always been so close to her, I have decided to follow in her footsteps and create a career path for myself in the medical field. All the time she tells me stories about the hospital and the people she meets and is able to help. I would really like to be able to meet new people and help them as well and at the same time make my grandmother proud.Aside from all her outstanding and tedious work in the hospital, she also finds the time to make it to everyone of my sporting events. When I was just starting out in sports, I wanted to quit swimming because I was having such a hard time with it. However, my grandma told me to not give up and to push on. She has made a significant impact on my life. Another large influence in my life is my grandpa. From a very young age, he was my rock. He was the one that taught me to fish, to ride my bike, and even how to hula hoop.He not only is a great grandpa, but also he is a dedicated and extremely hard worker. Everyone could count on him to help them out in whatever they needed. I remember him always taking me with him when he used to go to people’s houses to either fix their heater or lawn mower or even fix their car. Currently, he fixes lawn mowers, weed eaters, or any other mechanical device that needed tuned up. He receives numerous calls from neighbors, friends, and even sometimes strangers because he gets the job done for little, or most of the time, no cost at all.He is a great person who puts everyone before himself. He has made a great deal of influence on me with the fact that I love to fix things and work on cars too. I will never forget the time we fixed up his old Jeep Wrangler together from complete scratch and put it all back together. Without him, I would be a total different person. Last but not least, my mother has impacted my life. It’s obvious that most mothers would naturally have a huge influence on their child’s lives, but my mom went beyond the normal.For example, around thirteen years old, my parents got a divorce. However, a long time before that they had many issues and arguments constantly. My mom knew that the marriage was over and probably was best to just end it, but instead she stayed in it for my sake. She influenced me by showing me sometimes you have to be selfless and put the ones you love before your own self. She ultimately sacrificed her happiness for my own. She has taught me that no matter what, you have to be strong and never give up.My mother not only taught me to be strong, she also taught me to always be the best person I can be and to give one hundred percent effort in everything I do. I learned that just getting by or taking the easy route isn’t okay and when things get tough I can’t just fold or fall down, I need to stand up and push through it. In conclusion, my grandparents and mother have made the biggest influences on my life. Without these three amazing human beings I wouldn’t be who I am today. They have instilled many valuable life lessons and created many of my current morals and for that I am eternally grateful.

Warrior Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Warrior Politics - Essay Example Kaplan's striking theories to utilize history as a guide in today's world especially while dealing with war and violence could be attributed to the fact that he has traveled extensively to the war zones and had a first hand experience of the barbarism that prevails. Robert Kaplan after years of reporting from combat zones in Bosnia, Uganda, the Sudan, Sierra Leone, Pakistan, Ethiopia and Eritrea have convinced Kaplan (Balkan Ghosts, The Coming Anarchy) that Thucydides and Sun-Tzu are still right on the money when they wrote that war is not an aberration and that civilization can repress barbarism but cannot eradicate it. Reminding readers that "The greater the disregard of history, the greater the delusions regarding the future," Kaplan conducts a brisk tour through the works of Machiavelli, Malthus and Hobbes, among others, to support his advocacy of foreign policy based on the morality of results rather than good intentions. From those classics, he extracts historical models and rationales for exploiting military might, stealth, cunning and what he dubs "anxious foresight" (which some may regard as pessimism based on disasters past) in order to lead, fight and bring adversaries to their knees should they challenge the prevailing balance of power. This is a very valid point when it comes to today's scenario and Kaplan's theories must be tried and experimented. It's very interesting to note that, Kaplan suggests to adapt this model to business, exploring the ways modern-day CEOs can benefit from history's lessons. A clear indication that a lot more can be learnt from the graves of history as well as successfully implementation of the same is bound to show us positive difference. It is just a matter of giving a sincere attempt. Kaplan in his book had a discussion of the world's breeding grounds for rogue warriors out to disrupt daily life in bizarre new ways will strike a chord with most readers, as will his recounting of the brilliant Statesmanship of Churchill and Roosevelt during World War II. As per him, these instances of the past if replicated in today's war struck world would give a better opportunity to us coping up with the aftermaths of the tragedies. He is of the opinion that this is a provocative, smart and polemical work that will stimulate lively discussion. Agents, Brandt and Brandt. (Jan.)Forecast: Kaplan's credentials, combined with his call for a strong and unambiguous foreign policy, should draw attention. Kaplan looks to ancient philosophers and military strategists for ageless wisdom that can be applied to modern geopolitics. He argues that the end of the cold war and the proliferation of modern technology threaten to create such complacency that world leaders miss the significance of "nasty little wars in anarchic corners of the globe." Indeed, Kaplan mentions the likelihood of expeditions to apprehend the likes of Osama bin Laden. Integrating classic and contemporary scholarship, the author argues that the ills of the twentieth century are "less unique than we

Superman and Batman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Superman and Batman - Essay Example The superhero’s socioeconomic status brings up another disparity. When Batman is living his civilian role as Bruce Wayne, he is a successful businessman (a billionaire) while Clark Kent, Superman’s alter ego, is just an ordinary writer for a newspaper making a modest salary. These differences make the ordinary citizen side of each character like night and day. But the differences do not end there, especially when it comes to their families and relationships. It should also be noted that Superman is raised by two parents (even though not his own), while Batman is raised by his butler, Alfred Pennyworth, who he continues to live with throughout adulthood. Furthermore, Batman has a partner, the Boy Wonder, also known as Robin, to assist him in his fight against crime, whereas Superman is always a one-man show with no sidekick. The people the superheroes surround themselves with are worlds apart. Another major difference between the two characters can be seen when looking at the settings in which they were raised. Superman grew up in the modest rural setting of a Kansas farm, while Batman grew up in a very luxurious lifestyle in a mansion, in the crowded metropolitan area known as Gotham City. These places of their upbringing are almost polar opposites. And finally, there are the physical and material differences between the two. Batman wears a mask, whereas the other caped crusader does not, as Superman’s disguise (or mask) is essentially the glasses he wears and his nerdy personality as Clark Kent. Furthermore, Superman’s sole means of transportation is his flying ability, whereas Batman primarily uses his popular Batmobile to speedily get from place to place, not to mention his other high-tech rides, including a plane, helicopter, motorcycle, and speedboat. Even though all of these differences may seem great in number, they pale in comparison to the striking similarities one can find between the two by digging a little deeper. There are many likenesses shared between the caped crusaders. The first key similarity to note between the superheroes is that both Superman and Batman were conceived (in the imagination) in the 1930s as comic book heroes. In Cleveland, Ohio, in June 1932, Jerry Siegel, an American writer created Superman and Canadian American artist Joe Shuster drew him before they sold the concept to Action Comics,

Crime-Prevention Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crime-Prevention Strategies - Essay Example Crime prevention techniques are being introduced by the criminologists so that the people avoid doing any crimes. These crime prevention techniques are basically designed to lessen the prospects of committing specific crimes by people. And these techniques are further known as the Situational Crime Prevention Techniques. In the world today the crime rate is increasing day by day as the punishments granted by the government have not proved enough for the culprit to avoid the offense the next time. Seeing this situation in the world the criminologists have adopted the way of preventing crime rather than bringing the criminals to justice. And thus the process of 'Situational Crime Prevention' came into use. This word derived by the criminologists meant to make the offenders avoid the crimes they are about to commit through different ways. The opportunities which the offenders get due to lack of security and other factors are analyzed by the criminologists. By the process of Situational Crime Prevention the criminologists aim to lessen the opportunities which the offenders are getting to commit the crime. i.e. if a person who is rich and does not get protection from guards may have the chance to get robbed. And here the role of the Crime Prevention comes when they make the rich person have proper securi ty. The problem of crime was arising in the housing sector when the burglars were entering the houses and robbing the people of their possessions. This situation was closely analyzed by the criminologists and a solution was sorted out with the help of Situational Crime Prevention. This solution made the houses have a good architectural design which would make the offenders avoid entering the premises of the house. For e.g. if the house is well lit in the night and secured, the offenders would avoid taking the risk of entering it. Similarly other Situational Crime Prevention techniques make use of such tools and designs. The techniques included the better structuring of buildings and the possible targets being secured more properly. The possible targets were analyzed by their market demand. Situational Crime Prevention is based on some principles so as to the crime can be fully avoided. The set-up of a certain possible target is made such that the effort required to rob or commit a c rime on that target is made much higher. This discourages the offender from committing the crime. For e.g. to enter a certain building one may have to cross the walls but the walls of the building would be made so tall that no person would be able to enter it without support. Similarly the risk involved in committing a crime would be made such that the offender would not dare to commit it. For e.g. the security alarms would be so enhanced that any person who may enter the premises may be caught or the person may be shot dead at the very moment. In particular the security of a certain place or person would be increased. The rewards or the loot of the possible target would be made as lower as possible so it wouldn't attract the offenders. The governments are taking such measures that the stolen material is not easily sold in the market. And anyone caught selling it may be brought to justice by the court of law. Car stereos are being made removable so that it is not easy to steal these stereos. And lastly the feeling

Proposal on Accounting Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal on Accounting - Dissertation Example The proposed research statement for this research is as follows: - â€Å"To explore and analyze the role of creative accounting in the recent banking crises and failures† Research Objectives The research would revolve around the following research objectives: - To explore various dimensions of creative accounting, earnings management and accounting scandals To analyze the links between creative accounting and the recent financial recession and banking crisis To propose precautionary measures which could draw a line between â€Å"good and moral creative accounting† and â€Å"bad and immoral creative accounting† Literature Review â€Å"Creative accounting is also known as aggressive accounting† (Torre, pp. 52-54, 2009), which refers to the practice of accounting that is in line with the letter of law but very much against the spirit of the law. In other words, it refers to the manipulation of the financial numbers related to the company in such a way to port ray a favorable and positive picture of the company. Quite understandably, the same is done due to the pressures from the stakeholders’ pressure of the company, to achieve targets or to keep their own jobs (Torre, pp. 52-54, 2009). Without any doubts, the current financial recession and banking crisis is very much a product of creative accounting practices. ... d play its part and the same is true for Lehman brothers and various others, which accounted bankruptcy, and the ones, which almost reached bankruptcy (Jones, Powers & Crosson, pp. 41, 2010). Experts believe that it all started due to early signs of financial recession due to bursting of housing bubble and the impact of subprime mortgages (Jones, pp. 254-255, 2009). Banks which were forced to abide by the rules of mark to market accounting had to value their assets at the current market value which was decreasing steadily. With decreasing value of assets, the accountants had a problem at their hands, which was to improve the outlook of the company’s balance sheets so that investors could be wooed not to take away the investments (Jones, Powers & Crosson, pp. 41, 2010). Once accountants knew that the picture was appearing favorable, banks and their managers started acting very irresponsibly by lending money to borrowers who they knew would never be able to pay back under normal circumstances. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac played an important role in disturbing and distorting the financial markets and using the accounting as means to manipulate their financial positions. Quite understandably, this was not the solution of the problem and when the banks reached near the point of liquidation and bankruptcy, the investors and shareholders had no clue whatsoever about the happenings (Davies, pp. 37, 2010; Jones, pp. 254-255, 2009). Methodology In order to conduct this study, the researcher would ensure the use of both secondary and primary data. Secondary data would come under acquisition from different resources, such as books, journals, previous researches, data, statistics, and others. Questionnaires would be the major source of primary data and the target respondents of

Northern Ireland History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Northern Ireland History - Essay Example This is what will be dissertated in the following. When discussing the history of Ireland, the 'peace process' is generally considered to cover those events which lead up to the 1994 IRA ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of The Troubles, the Belfast (or Good Friday) Agreement, and subsequent political developments. The history of Ireland in regards to the peace process as well as the ongoing battle and strenuous struggle for peace in the modern world is one of great detail and significant complexity. The Good Friday Agreement was reached in Belfast on Friday, April 10, 1998; it was signed by the British and Irish (Republic of Ireland) governments and endorsed by most Northern Ireland political parties. The agreement said that Northern Ireland should remain within the UK so long as that was the wish of the people living there; but that the British and Irish governments would give effect to arrangements for a united Ireland if that should become the wish of the people of the province. The basic ideal of the plan is that it sets out a plan for devolved government in Northern Ireland on a stable and significantly exclusive basis, while also providing for the creation of Human Rights and Equality commissions. Such things as the early release of terrorist prisoners, the decommissioning of paramilitary weapons and other far reaching reforms of criminal justice and policing are also included in this agreement. The main provisions of the Good Friday Agreement are as follows: The principle that the constitutional future of Northern Ireland should be determined by the majority vote of its citizens A commitment by all parties to 'exclusively peaceful and democratic means' The establishment of a Northern Ireland Assembly with devolved legislative powers Creation of a 'power sharing' Northern Ireland Executive, using the D'Hondt method to allocate Ministries proportionally to the main parties Creation of a North-South Ministerial Council and North-South Implementation Bodies to bring about cross-border cooperation in policy and programmes on a number of issues Establishment of a British-Irish Council, composed of representatives from the governments of the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom, Scotland, Wales, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, to discuss areas of common concern Conditional early release within two years of paramilitary prisoners belonging to organizations observing a ceasefire Establishment of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission A two year target for decommissioning of paramilitary weapons The abolition of the Republic's territorial claim to Northern Ireland via the modification Articles 2 and 3 of its constitution New legislation for Northern Ireland on policing, human rights and equality Normalization of security measures, e.g. closure of redundant army bases Police reform. Undertaken by the Patten Commission (1998-1999) Equality of social, economic and cultural rights of all ethnic communities e.g. official recognition of the Irish and Ulster-Scots languages as equal to English (Wikipedia, 2006). The executive of a new regional government, which should have been installed in April of 1999 under the terms of the Good Friday agreement, is instead held in a state of frozen animation. "Pro-British Unionist refused to sit in government with Sinn Fein, an Irish