Did Henry VIII strengthen the role of the Monarch in government?

atomic number 1 ogdoad (born 1491 C. E. died 1547 C. E. ) ascend the thr integrity in 1509 and soon became angiotensin converting enzyme of Englands most successful top executives, by and large credited with the establishment of a hale and shelter monarchy that helped England become the unafraidest index number in the world. henry viii succeeded his father, henry VII, who had ascended the potbelly with the culmination of the long emaciated egress War of Roses where many princes, backed by hefty nobles and barons had fought for the throne. heat content octonary, driven by the desire to establish peace and protective cover in his realm, worked towards establishing a industrial-strength monarchy. total heat viiis relation with the nobles and feudalistic barons heat content 8 subdued the sources of the nobles and barons and strengthen the politics agency of the monarchy in the government. (G. M. Trevelyan, 1926) hydrogen VIII realised his policy of dealing w ith the nobles, barons, and chieftains immediately upon ascension the throne. He arrested his fathers two most unpopular ministers, Sir Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, supercharged them with high treason, and subsequently execute them. He dealt with almost all(a)(prenominal) his opponents in a similar fashion passim his tenure, and with such measures strengthened the division of the monarchy in the government. hydrogen replaced feudal obligations with law and trade, and imposed loans and grants on the nobility instead of taxes. (W Harrison, G Edelen, 1994) The aright barons had limited the billet of henry VIIIs predecessors henry III, Edward II, and Richard II using aristocratic councils. Henry VIII strove to defy the barons in check by reforming the administration. He formd the Committee of the Privy Council, an advisory board, and the judicatory of the magician Chamber for gracious and criminal cases. Committee of the Privy Council and Court of hotshot Chambers Henry VIII actively involved himself in the Committee of the Privy Council and the Court of Star Chambers constituted by him, and through and through these means involved himself actively in the administration of the assert. (John Bowle, 1964. ) The Committee of the Privy Council that in later centuries became the famous Privy Council enablight-emitting diode Henry VIII to consecrate laws by unmixed proclamation, on the advice of the council. Thomas Cromwell, Henrys minister between 17532 and 1540 monopolized the land of the council and took decisions in camera in consultation with Henry VIII.Henry apply the Committee of Privy Council and bypassed the s unconstipateds to enact laws. The Court of Star Chambers was a separate tribunal distinct from the Kings superior(p) general Council, indented to infuse speed and flexibility to the civil and criminal judicial lick. This onlyterfly supplemented the activities of the unwritten and equity costs, acting as a supervisory bo dy. This butterfly withal ensured dependable enforcement of laws against prominent and powerful deal whom the everyday courts could never convict owing to their influence.The court could alike impose punishments for morally wrong actions such as conspiracy, libel, perjury, and sedition crimson though such acts were technically jural and ordinary courts could non convict people for such turnedences. Henry used this court to settle scores with his adversaries and crush powerful barons and nobles. Henry and his ministers encouraged plaintiffs to bring their cases straightway to the Star Chamber, bypassing the lower courts entirely. (F. J. Fischer, 2006. ) Henry VIIIs disunite with the PopeHenrys break with the Pope at capital of Italy was an substantiating result of his effort to create a strong centralized state. (Patrick Fraser Tyler, 1836) The ascension of the Henry VIIIs father Henry VII ended the long drawn out War of Roses, where many contend princes staked claim to the throne since the incumbent king bequeathed no male issues. Henry precious a male issue to lift such a beatuation afterward his death. Henrys wife Catherine did not produce the desired male heir, and Henry became enamored to one Anne Boleyn.Henry appealed to the Pope for the annulment of his marriage with Catherine so that he could get married Anne. Catherine was nonetheless the aunt of Charles V, the Holy papistic Emperor, who held the Pope Clement VII as prisoner during this time. The Pope did not yearbook the marriage. Henry VIII. Henry VIII replaced fundamental Woolsey, the Popes representative in England with Sir Thomas Moore, who proclaimed the opinion of the theologians at Oxford and Cambridge that the marriage of Henry to Catherine had been unlawful. Henry banished Catherine from the court and gave her place to Anne.Henry also appointed his campaigner Thomas Crammer as the Archbishop of Canterbury. Thomas Cromwell, a lawyer who supported Anne, brought before fa n tan a number of bills including the Supplication against the Ordinaries and the accounting entry of the Clergy. The former necessary the clergy to put all complaints in writing to the king. The latter make the church building of England relinquish power to work church building laws without the kings evidence and assent. The parliament passed these acts in 1532 C. E and thereby established the achievement of the monarchy over the church in England.The success of the monarchy over the church marks a cornerstone in the powers of the king, for in medieval life the church controlled much of social life and polity, and this direct passed on to the king. The process of breaking off with the Pope at Rome proceed throughout Henrys reign. In 1540, Henry sanctioned the destruction of shrines to saints. In 1542 Henry dissolved all of Englands monasteries and transferred their spot to the Crown. Abbots and priors lost their seats in the provide of churchmans and hardly archbish ops and bishops came to comprise the ecclesiastical factor of the body.The Lords Temporal now outnumbered the Lords Spiritual or the members of the clergy in the House of Lords. Legislations confirming supremacy of the King Henrys parliament followed up the supremacy over the church with further legislations that strengthened the role of the monarchy in the administration of he state. (J. R. Tanner, 1930) The wager of ecological succession of 1533 repudiated any foreign authority, prince, or authoritarian thereby rejecting the decisions of the Pope and validating the marriage of Henry and Anne.All adults in the Kingdom were required to acknowledge these provisions by oath, and those who refused were take to imprisonment for life. Any publisher or printer of any literature alleging that Henrys marriage with Anne was invalid was mechanically guilty of high treason guilty by death. The House of Commons forbade all appeals to Rome and exacted penalties of praemunire against all who introduced papal bulls into England. The ecclesiastical Appointments Act 1534 required the clergy to elect bishops propose by the Sovereign.The Act of Supremacy or the Peters Pence Act of 1534 tell the King as the the only imperious Head in Earth of the Church of England, and declared that Henrys imperial crown had been modest by the unreasonable and uncharitable usurpations and exactions of the Pope. The Treasons Act 1534 made it high treason, punishable by death, to refuse to acknowledge the King as the dictatorial head in hide of the Church of England. Suppression of opponents Henrys religious policies found some resistance in England, and such rebels found cause backing from the feudal barons who grudged Henry for curtailing their powers.Henry charged with treason and executed the dissenters, the prominent ones being John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas More, Henrys former Lord Chancellor. A major resistance was the expedition of Grace, a large uprising in northern England that broke out in October 1536. Henry, instead of relying on his nobles and barons to crush the rebels, as his predecessors did personalizedly took the field, and by a crew of force and tact, trapped the rebel attractor Robert Aske, arrested the rebels and executed them for treason.The suppression of the opponents of Henrys religious policy, combined with Henrys method of silencing his otherwise enemies ensued that he could approach pattern virtually unopposed and led to a strong monarchy in England.. Development of the naval forces Henry VIIIs efforts at developing the munificent Navy freed the monarchy from dependence on feudal vassals, and besides raised his prestige and power and further strengthened the role of the monarchy in the administration. (D. M. Loades, 1992)Henry established the Royal Navy in order to ward off dangers of a Papal inspired invasion from the seas from France or Spain. He invested in shipbuilding, dockyards, and naval innovations s uch as the use of canons. He also strengthened the costal defenses and built fortresses at costal areas using the materials of demolished monasteries. This cut down the kings dependence on private ships to ward off outdoor(a) dangers and thereby further strengthened the monarchy at the expense of hitherto powerful merchants, barons, and clergy.Henrys ships played a big role in England crushing the Spanish Armada during Henrys daughter Queen Elizabeths reign, an event that led to English supremacy of the worlds seas. External conquests Henrys desire to strengthen the monarchy and create a strong and centralized state resulted in his developing imperial ambitions indoors the British Isles. He annexed Wales to England and strengthened his hold water over Ireland. Henry claimed feudal favorable position over Scotland as a lead of his imperial title to the English Crown, and defeated Scotland in the battle of Solway Moss in November 1541 C.E. Henry hale the Treaty of Greenwich upo n Scotland and projected a concretion of the Scotch and English crowns by marrying the Scottish prince Edward and his daughter Mary Stuart. Scotland however remained a French ally, and Henry struck a deal with Charles V of Spain to attack France in 1544. He accompanied the army to Calais and took personal command of his strategy. The Treaty of Camp of June 1546 that ended the war saw England retain Boulogne until 1554, when the French would buy it back for 600,000.Though the war per se was costly and ineffective, it did add to Henrys honor and bolstered his disposition as an absolute monarch. Analysis Henry VIIIs efforts to strengthen the monarchy resulted in England developing into a strong and stable state, free from the weakening and distracting influence of feudal barons, powerful nobles and clergy. His strong preventative in the running of the state not only ensured a smooth break from Rome and gave England a national identity, but also avoided religious wars and other dis tracting civil war.He learned the nobility to serve the Crown and subordinated the clergy to the unsanctified State. He laid the foundation for a modern and centralized state, and even the contrasted parts of his kingdom began to experience the power of the monarchy. The remarkable feature of his reign is that even though he created a strong central state with the active intervention of the monarch, he enhanced the power of the parliament, by making common law superior to all other types of law and obstetrical delivery people hitherto excluded from the legal process into its fold.The biggest beneficiary of this stability was trade, which prospered and added to the wealth of the nation. Henry established a progressive trunk of taxation that greatly enhanced state finances. A school of though led by scholars like A. F. Pollard demand Henry VIII as a weak man who took decisions based on the influence of ministers like Thomas Cromwell, and that his ascendance remained confined to his wives, ministers and semipolitical institutions.This opinion however does not carry much weight, and historical accounts articulate Henry VIII as king with a charismatic bearing and as a dynamic political force whose views his ministers and the government accommodated rather than the other way round. Henry also exerted a powerful influence as imperative head of the Church of England, not and by issuing decrees at will, but by engaging Cranmer and panels of expert theologians in a systematic and academic metamorphose of opinions. The only criticism that holds against Henry VIII is that he was s a supreme egotist who sometimes allowed passion and not reason to govern his actions.This criticism however does not make him ineffective or discount the fact that he was one of the most effective and remarkable rulers to sit on the English throne, and greatly strengthened the role of the monarch in the government. culmination Henry VIII raised the power of the monarchy and thereby not only alter a weak medieval government into a more contemporary and strong one, but also gave England the much call for peace, stability and smooth succession of prospective monarchs, all of which enabled her to become a power by the time of Queen Elizabeth.